Process for treating oils



June 12, 1934. EGLOFF PROCESS FOR TREATING DILS Filed March 17. 1922 My M f Patented June 12, 1934 UNITED STATES PROCESS FOR Gustav Egloff, Chicago,

TREATING OILS 11]., assignor to Universal Oil Products Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of South Dakota Application March 1'7,

2 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in a process and apparatus for treating oils, and refers more particularly to a method of converting hydrocarbon oils to produce lower boiling point products.

Among the important objects of the invention are to provide a process in which there are simultaneously treated oils of different characters under pressure, and a'process in which the combination of the oils during treatment serves to promote the conversion reaction.

The single figure is a diagrammatic side elevational view of the apparatus.

Referring to the drawing, there is mounted in a furnace 1 a heating coil 2 which is supplied with the oil to be treated through the pump 3 and inlet pipe 4 controlled by a valve 5. This coil pipe is connected by a transfer line 6 to a vaporizing chamber '1 which is mounted above a second furnace 8. Within the latter furnace is mounted a second heating coil 9 which is fed by means of a pump 10 and a line 11 controlled by a valve 12 receiving the oil to be treated from any convenient source. The vaporizing chamber is connected by a vapor line 13 to a. dephlegmator 14 which is in turn connected by a pipe 15 controlled by a valve 16, to the condenser coil 17 mounted in a water condenser box 18. The condenser coil leads through a line 19 to receiver 20 which is equipped with a pressure relief valve 21, liquid draw-off valve 22, liquid level gauge 23 and pressure gauge 24. A residual draw-off line 25 controlled by a valve 26 serves to remove the heavy residual substance from the vaporizing chamber. The separate furnaces are preferably heated by means of gas burners 27.

During operation there is circulated a relatively light oil such as kerosene through the coil tube 2 in the furnace 1 and during its circulation therethrough it is raised to a temperature whereby it is cracked or converted in the vapor phase. In this state it is passed through the transfer line 6 controlled by a valve 28 to the vaporizing chamber '7. Simultaneous with the conversion of the relatively light product in the coil tube 2 there is charged to and circulated through the coil 9 a relatively heavier oil such as fuel oil which is heated to a cracking temperature while in the liquid phase during its travel through the heating tubes. The liquid oil at a conversion temperature and the vapors from the coil tube 2 are united in the vaporizing chamber 7 where further conversion is permitted to take place, the combined vapors passing off through the dephlegmator and the unvaporized residual oil constituents being 1922, Serial No. 544,622

drawn off through the valve 26. Subsequent to dephlegmation the vapors are directed through the line 15 and are condensed and collected as distillate in the receiver 20 from which they may be drawn off as desired. The reflux condensate on the other hand, collecting in the bottom of the dephlegmator, is returned through the line 29 controlled by a valve 30 and introduced to the charging line leading to the heating coil 9 where it is recycled with the incoming raw oil and subjected to retreatment.

This method of cracking by having part of the reaction taking place in the vapor phase and the balance in the liquid phase, adds materially to the conversion and cracking reaction in the vaporizing chamber, as there are present both vapors and liquid oil in the vaporizing chamber with the vapors at a somewhat higher temperature than the conversion temperature of the liquid products. There will be considerable high boiling point oils of low viscosity separated from the cracked vapors due to the presence of liquid oil and these products will assist materially in floating out any considerable carbon accumulation in the vaporizing chamber.

The pressure on the system may be adjusted by the valves positioned in different portions of the apparatus and either a constant pressure or differential pressures maintained upon the different zones of treatment.

An illustrative run showing operating conditions with certain types of oil. is as follows:

The kerosene distillate is introduced to the cracking coil 2 at the rate of approximately ten barrels an hour and it is treated to a temperature of 900 F. Simultaneously there is charged fuel oil into the heating coil 9 at the rate of in the neighborhood of 75 barrels per hour, and the oil raised during its circulation therethrough, to a temperature of 870. The vaporous oil constituents from the coil 2 and the liquid oil from the coil 9 are combined in the vaporizing chamher, the evolved vapors after being dephlegmated and condensed as explained, producing approximately of 460 F. end point distillate; the pressure on the system ranging from 600 to 800 pounds per square inch.

In the illustrative operation the pressure of 800 pounds per square inch is respectively maintained on the oil in the coils 2 and 9 by the valves 28 and 31. However, within the purview of the broader aspect of the invention as set forth in the appended claims, either or both of these pressures may be reduced as desired, to 600 pounds per square inch, and differential pressures main- Cal tained upon the remaining portions of the apparatus by manipulation of valves 13, 16 and 21. Thus the valves 28 and 31 may be entirely opened and the desired pressure maintained by valve 13, or valves 28 and 31 may effect a substantial pressure reduction.

I claim as my invention:

1. A process of treating oil which consists in initially passing a light oil continuously through a cracking coil, Where said oil is vaporized at a cracking temperature, in simultaneously passing a heavy oil through an independent cracking coil where said oil is heated to a cracking temperature but maintaining said oil in substantially liquid phase, in introducing the two heated hydrocarbon products simultaneously to an enlarged chamber where no rise in temperature occurs, in discharging vapors from said chamber for condensation and collection, and in maintaining a. super-atmospheric pressure on said chamber.

2. A process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, which consists in separately supplying a light and a heavy hydrocarbon oil to be initially subjected to a heat treatment in independent heating zones, wherein the light hydrocarbon oil is vaporized at a cracking temperature and the heavy hydrocarbon oil subjected to a cracking heat while maintained in liquid phase, in delivering the separately heated oil constituents to an enlarged reaction zone, wherein conversion occurs and from which no unvaporized residue is permitted to return to either of said heating zones, in subjecting the vapors issuing from said enlarged reaction chamber to reflux condensation, to separate therefrom the insufficiently cracked fractions, in returning the resulting reflux condensate to the stream of heavy hydrocarbon oil for retreatment, and in maintaining a superatmospheric pressure on the oil undergoing conversion in the process.

GUSTAV EGLOFF.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. l, 962, 488.

June 12, 1934.

GUSTAV EGLOFF.

ll is hereby Certified hat error appears in the printed specifica ion of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: In the signature to drawing strike out the name ".lacpue C. Morrell"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 7th day of August, A. D. 1934.

(Seal) Leslie Frazer Acting Commissioner of Parents.

tained upon the remaining portions of the apparatus by manipulation of valves 13, 16 and 21. Thus the valves 28 and 31 may be entirely opened and the desired pressure maintained by valve 13, or valves 28 and 31 may effect a substantial pressure reduction.

I claim as my invention:

1. A process of treating oil which consists in initially passing a light oil continuously through a cracking coil, Where said oil is vaporized at a cracking temperature, in simultaneously passing a heavy oil through an independent cracking coil where said oil is heated to a cracking temperature but maintaining said oil in substantially liquid phase, in introducing the two heated hydrocarbon products simultaneously to an enlarged chamber where no rise in temperature occurs, in discharging vapors from said chamber for condensation and collection, and in maintaining a. super-atmospheric pressure on said chamber.

2. A process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, which consists in separately supplying a light and a heavy hydrocarbon oil to be initially subjected to a heat treatment in independent heating zones, wherein the light hydrocarbon oil is vaporized at a cracking temperature and the heavy hydrocarbon oil subjected to a cracking heat while maintained in liquid phase, in delivering the separately heated oil constituents to an enlarged reaction zone, wherein conversion occurs and from which no unvaporized residue is permitted to return to either of said heating zones, in subjecting the vapors issuing from said enlarged reaction chamber to reflux condensation, to separate therefrom the insufficiently cracked fractions, in returning the resulting reflux condensate to the stream of heavy hydrocarbon oil for retreatment, and in maintaining a superatmospheric pressure on the oil undergoing conversion in the process.

GUSTAV EGLOFF.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. l, 962, 488.

June 12, 1934.

GUSTAV EGLOFF.

ll is hereby Certified hat error appears in the printed specifica ion of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: In the signature to drawing strike out the name ".lacpue C. Morrell"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 7th day of August, A. D. 1934.

(Seal) Leslie Frazer Acting Commissioner of Parents. 

